Carbureter.



T. S. HAMILTON.

CARBURETER.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 6, 1912,

Patented June 2, 19M.

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A Non/(11' T. S. HAMILTON.

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APPLICATION FILED APR. 6, 10124 Patented June 2, 19M.

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carburetor may be used to supp THOMAS S; HAMILTON, F TAM PA, FLORIDA, AS$TGNOR TO THE PURIFIED PETROLEUM PRODUCTS CUMPANY, A CORPORATION OF SQUTH DAKOTA.

GATLHURETETh ll ,bllllhlldho s ecification of Letters Patent.

Application filed April e, 1919;. herial No; 689,063.

device which is adapted to convert kerosene into-a properly mixed gas for use in the cylinders of an internal combustion engine Tt is well known that gasolene and other high distillates of petroleum which are commonly used in the operation of internal combustion engines are very expensive. lit is also well known that agreat saving may be had by employing lrerosene or the low distillates of petroleum as an explosive charge for such engine. The dithcnlty heretofore encountered in the use of kerosene as an enplosive charge tor internal combustion engines is that such leroscne cannot he first readily vaporized and mixed with, the air. its tar as l am aware, no reliable and Film-- ple means have been devised for the propervaporizing oi the lrerosene and carbureting the air with the same An important object of my invention is to provide novel and reliable means for properly vaporizing lrerosene and carbureting.

air with the same so that it may be used as an explosivecharge in the cylinders oil an internal combustion engine An important object of this invention is to provide novel means whereby my improved y a highly eaplosive charge which will operate an in ternal combustionv engine, without leaving deposits oi carbon 4 I it ilurther object oi my invention is to provide a device oil the above mentioned character which is quick to start in oper ation, reliable and continuous in operation and easy to control in such o eration.

A further object of this invention is to provide a device oil the above mentioned character, which is comparatively simple in construction, cheap to 'manu'lacture, and do rahle. 7

of the following description,; l V

In the accompanying drawings forming a part of this specification and in which litre numerals are employed to designate like parts throughout the same, Figure 1 is a side view of the apparatus, Fig. 2 is a central vertical longitudinal sectional view through the same, and Fig. 3 is a detail section through the upper end of the oil supply nozzle. 7

Tn the drawings wherein for the sake of illustration, T have shown a preferred embodiment of my invention, the numeral 1 designates an outer horizontal preferably cylindrical shell or casing, forming in ctfect, the'loody portion of the device. EX- tending axially within this shell or casing is a dame tube or pipe 2, having a much smaller diameter than the shell 1, .as showu At its outer end the tube 2 is provided with a flange 3, connected with an outer head a, which closes this end of the shell 'l, by means of bolts or the like. Formed upon the upper side of the shell 1 is an upstanding housing or dome 6, screw-threaded externally at its upper end for engagement with the lower end of horizontal cap provided upon its periphery wlth perforations 8. The upper end of this cap orcage is closed and is provided centrally thereof with an upstanding boss 9., having an axially ertending screw-threaded opening it), formed therethrough, :t'or receiving the upper screw-threaded portion ol an adjustable valve stem ll carrying a thumb-nut 12, as shown. Disposed to reciprocate on the lower smooth portion of the valve stem it is a valve 13, which engages upwardly upon a valve seat it. This valve 13 is engaged by a compressible coil spring 15, confined between it and a nut 16 or the like, connected with the lower end of the valve stem,

The numeral 17' designates an air supply pipe which leads into the tube 2 and this air supply pipe is provided with a cut-ed valve or stop cock l8.

The numeral '19 designates a water supply pipe which leads into the outer end portion of the outer shell 1 and is adapted to drip water. on the exterior surtace' of the. tu 2 preferably in lront ot a guard or dedoctor Q0. This supply pipe 19 is provided with-any suitable form of valve 21, which may be ,nually operated to regulate the amount oil water supplied. it is thus seen that means are provided for supplying water Patented June tilt. v

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Disposed at the outer or intake end of the flame tube 2 is a burner comprising a double walled shell or casing 22, having an annular oil-heating or vaporizing space 23. The oil which is to be used in this burner is fed into the space 23 from a supply pipe 24, such oil being supplied under suitable pressure. The oil afterbeing heated or-vaporized in the space 23 passes into a gas pipe 25, having connection at its outer end with an upstanding gas pipe 26, provided withv upper and lower needle valves 27 and 28. The needle valve 28 oentrols the passage of the vaporized oil into a tip or tube 29, which is spaced therefrom to allow of a proper supply of air and extends into the outer end of the double walled shell 22. The pipe 29 provides a pilot light. The needle valve 27 has a tip or pipe 30 spaced therefrom, as shown, to provide for the proper supply of oxygen or air and leads axially through the double walled shell 22 and discharges its flame and products of combustion into the flame tube 2. Surrounding the tip or pipe 30 is a perforated cage 31 formed of wire gauze or other foraminous material. The tip 29 discharges its flame and products of combustion into this cage. It may be stated at this point that in the operation of the de vice the needle valve 28 always remains open to provide a pilot light, while the needle valve 27 is operated by means to be described, for providing or extinguishing the main flame. Disposed below the valves 27 and 28 is a drip pan 32.

Leading into the inner or discharge end of the flame tube 2 is an upstanding pipe or conduit 33 for supplying air into the flame tube 2. The passage of the air through this tube is controlled by a mechanically operated inverted cup-shaped valve 34, which fits upon the upper end of the pipe 33 to reciprocate thereon and is'provided with a horizontal ring of air inlets 35 adapted to be coveredand uncovered by the outer end of the pipe 33. Surrounding the 'pipe 33 outwardly of the shell 1, is a compressible coil spring 36, tending to move the valve 34 to its open position. This valve is connected with a stem 36'.

Disposed at the inner end of the outer horizontal shell or casing l is a main outer upstanding preferably cylindrical heating casing or shell 37, which is preferably cast integral with the shell 1, although it could be connected therewith in any suitable manner. Disposed between the interiors of the shellsl and 37 is a perforated annulus 38, through the main central opening of which extends a horizontal nipple 39. This nipple receives the inner-end of the flame tube 2 and preferably has screw-threaded engagement therewith, as shown. Concentrically disposed within the outer casing 37 is an upstanding vaporizing and mixing shell or none-nee casing 40, of-smaller diameter than the easing 37, as shown. The nipple39'leads into the interior of the shell to, as shown. The shell 40 is provided upon its side opposite the nipple 39 with perforations 41, which permit of the heated air or products of combustion discharg'edinto the casing or shell 40, passing into the outer heating shell 37.

The lower end of the heating-shell 37 is ,closed by a head 42, connected therewith in any suitable manner. This head has an upstanding ring as formed upon its inner face,

which extends within and has screw-thread ed engagement with the lower end of the vaporizing and mixing casing or shell a0, as shown. The rin 4E3 provided with perfor-ations 4A and 1s of much smaller diameter than the casing 37 and disposed concentri cally therein. Extending concentrically within'the ring 43 is a vertical oil supply pipe or nozzle 45 provided at its upper end,

as shown, in Fig; 3, .with a reduced tip 46,

which serves as a valve seat for a needle valve 47. The oil supply nozzle or pipe 45 "has its lower end closed by a head or boss 48, provided with a screw-threaded axial opening for receiving a screw-threaded portion 49 of the stem of the needle valve 477. The extreme outer end of this stem carries an adjusting or thumb-nut 50. Oil is supplied into the lower portion of the vertical pipe ornozzle 4.5 through a horizontal conduit 51, as shown. The upper end of the heating shell 37 is closed by a head 52, suitably connected therewith, from which de-' pends a carbureted gas discharge pipe 53, having its lower end flared, extending into the upper end of the vaporizing and mixing casing 40, and having screw-threaded engag'ement therewith, as shown. At its lower end the flaring mouth of the pipe 53 is bev-- eled, as shown at 54. The discharge of the carbureted gas through the pipe 53 is controlled by a damper or butterfly valve 55, which is rigidly connected upon the stem 56, journaled transversely through the pipe 53 and shell 37, as shown. The stem 56 is provided at one end outwardly of the shell 37 with an upstanding crank 57. The means to turn the stem 56 by swin mg the crank 57, will be explained-hereinaflt er; The pipe 53 discharges into a pipe 58, having cominunication with the ordinary manifold which supplies the carbureted gas to the cylinders of an internal combustion engine.

Disposed within the vaporizing and mixing casing 40' above and below the opening of the nipple 39, are fixed heads 59, having openings for receiving spaced upstandingv heating tubes or flues 60. T have found that it is advantageous to have the slimtotal cross sectional area of these tubes substantially equal to the cross sectional area of the discharge pipe 53.

Disposed below the lowerv head 59 is a roincense tatable mixing tan 61, comprising blades 62, preferably of the pitch or inclination shown. The inner ends of these blades are spaced, as shown in Fig. 3, providing an oil passage 63. At their inner ends these blades are rigidly connected with a ring-shaped hub 64, which is substantially inverted l.-shaped in cross section. An annular track 64' surrounds the tip 46 and balls 66 are interposed between the track 64 and the hub 64. The upper end of the outlet 63 is closed by a deflector plate 67, which is rigidly connected with the blades 62. T have found that ordinarily the weight of the fan .will prevent its vertical displacement when rotating, but in order that such displacement may be impossible, T preferably provide holding fingers 68, which are preferably radially disposed and connected with the tip 46. It is thus seen that ll provide anti-friction means for rotatably holding the fan in place. Disposed above the upper head 59 inspaced relation thereto is an upper rotatable mixing fan 70, comprising blades 71, which are inclined or pitched at an angle opposite to that of the blades 62. It is thus seen that these two mixing tans will be driven in opposite directions by the gases passing thereabout. The details of construction of the upper mixing fan 70 are substantially the same as that of the lower fan 61, except that there is no outlet 63 and it is to be understood that. the same form of anti-friction means are provided for rotatably holding the fan in place, together with the means tor preventing its vertical displacement.

Disposed near the shell 37 is a casing 72, divided into a vertical oil holding tank or receptacle 73 and an oil receiving or supply receptacle or compartment 74, having connection near their lower ends through an opening 7 5. The oil is fed through tank 73 into the conduit 51 through a port 76. The casing 72 is rigidly connected with the shell 37 through the medium of flanges 77 and bolts 78. Other connecting means may be provided if necessary, A draw-oil port 79 leads into the port 7 6 and discharges into a downwardly extending draw-oft pipe 80, provided with a manually operated valve or step 81. By the proper manipulation of the valve 81 the deposits or sediments oi the oil passing into th port 76 and pipe 51 may be withdrawn when desired. The oil is sup plied into the compartment 74 from a force pump or a pressure tank (not shown) through an oil supply ipe 82. The upper ends of the tank 73 and the compartment 7 4t are closed by a head 83. Automatic means are provided to regulate the supply of oil from the pipe 82 into the compartment 74. Such means comprises a needle valve 83, having a stem 84, mounted to reciprocate through an opening 85 in the head 83. The stem at is provided with a counter weight 86 to equalize or counterbalance a float 87, which is disposed in the tank 73. This float is connected with a rod 88, disposed to reciprocate through an opening 89 in the head 83, and pivotally connected outwardly of the same, as shown at 90, with a swinging lever 91. This swinging lever has its opposite end pivotally connected with the free end of the stem 84. The lever 91 ispivotally connected midway its ends with a supporting link 93, as shown at 94:, which supporting link is in turn pivoted at its upper end with the upper arm of a bell-crank lever 95. This bell-crank lever is pivoted, as shown at 96, upon a fixed support 97 The depending long arm of this bell-crank lever is provided with a weight 98 and serves as a pendant structure for automatically raising and lowering the link 93, when the entire device is tilted, for a purpose to be fully explained. It is thus seen that the float 87 automatically operates to regulate the supply of oil into the compartment 74; andthat the endant structure including the bellcrank lever 95, operates independently of and in addition to this action, of the float, to control the supply of such oil, when the entire device is tilted.

Th numeral 98 designates a rod having connection with the throttle lever (not shown) and pivotally connected with'the upper end of the crank 57. Pivotally connected with this crank 57 is a reach rod 99, extending at its opposite end with a bell-crank lever 1105, which is pivoted upon a fixed support 106. This bellprank lever has the outer endof its horizontal arm forked to engage a grooved element 107, rigidly mounted upon the stem 36. rod 98 is moved longitudinally to the right, as indicated by the arrow, the damper or, butterfly valve 55, the valve 34., and the needie valve 27 will all be simultaneously closed or seated, and vice versa.

The operation of the device is as fol lows :--The oil burner is set into operation, the tip 29 providing the pilot light which remains burning, and the tip 30 providing the main flame or light which extends into the outer or intake end of: the flame tube2, to provide a very intense heat. The valve 47 Tt is thus seen that when the,v

is manually adjusted to permit'of the proper may now be assumed that the engine to WhlCh the device is rigidly connected is traveling horizontally so that the carbureter is not tilted. The automatic means for controlling the feeding of the oil through the pipe 82 including the float 87 will now operate to fulfil its function. Attention is called to the fact that the lower portion of the tank 73 and the pipe or nozzle 45 being connected by the horizontal condit 51 are in'efi'ect a U-tube .so that the'level of the liquid fuel therein will be the same. \Vhen the engine is operated it creates a suction through the pipe 58. This suction will draw air through the dome 6, the valve 13 being automatically unseated. This air passes into the horizontal shell 1 and coming in contact with the tube 2 is very highly heated and is drawn through the perforated annulus 38 into the heating shell or casing 37 wherein it circulates about the vaporizing and mixing .shell 40. This heated air is now drawn through the perforations 4A of tube 53 and passes upwardly within the shell 40 to be discharged through the pipe 53. When the engine is to be started or is in position, the throttle lever, (not shown) is in a position whereby the valves 27 and 34 will be in their open positions. Air is also drawn into the pipe 33 through the perforations 35 and dischargesififo the interior of the flame tube 2 and subsequently passes into the vaporizing and mixing shell 40. Some of the heated air and products of combustion in the flame tube 2 discharge through the openings or perforations 4.1 and pass into the heating shell 37 to become thoroughly mixed with the heated air there in and travel with the same through the device.- The upward movement of the gases through the shell 40 causes the fans 61 and to revole in opposite directions which aids in the thorough mixing of'the explosive charge. The liquid fuel passing from the opening of the tip 46 discharges into the outlet 63 and is caught by the blades 62 of the fan 61 and is sprayed or atomized thereby and thoroughly mixed with the other heated gases. These heated gases containing the atomized liquid fuel now pass interiorly through the tubes or flues G0 which are heated by the passage of the heated air and products of combustion about the same. The atomized oil is va orized and further mixed with the heate gases. The gases now pass through these flues and discharging therefrom engage the upper fan 70, which is rotated and effects the final thorough mixing of the different constituents of the carbureted charge. This carbureted charge now passes the valve 55 and is drawn through pipe 58 to the cylinders of the engine. I have found it advantageous to introduce a small amount of dry steam into the carbureted gas or explosive charge which makes this explosive charge more highly expansible and also prevents deposits of carbon from the same upon the interior of the explosive cylinders of the engine. To provide this dry steam, the valve 21 is operated which drips or drops Water through the pipe 19 into the shell 1 upon the exterior surface of the flame tube 2 adjacent the deflector 20. At this point the flame tube is intensely heated and this water in the main shell'is at once converted intojdry steam and becomes mixed with the air supplied through the dome 15. It is thus obvious that this dry steam will become mixed with the final product or the explosive charge which is obtained. I have also found that it is advantageousunder certain conditions, to introduce air into the flame tube 2 near the intake end thereof. This may be accomplished by proper manipulation of the valve or stop cock 18.

VVhen' the automobile carrying the engine to which my improved carbureter is rigidly attached, is going up hill, is is obvious that v the carbureter will be tilted. In carbureters of the ordinary construction this is very detrimental to theiroperation, as it cuts off the supply of the oil. 'As before stated the level of the liquid fuel in the tank 73, and the pipe or nozzle 45 is the same when the carbureter is horizontal. The carbureter is now tilted so that the nozzle 45- is elevated, which causes the level of the liquid fuel in the tip 46 to be lowered and hence the supply of this liquid fuel cut off. When this takes place the weight 98 holds the bell-crank lever 95. stationary, such bell-crank lever through the means of link 93 will elevate the lever 91 whereby the needle valve 83 will be further unseated and hence permit of a greater supply of the liquid fuel in the tank 73. This liquid fuel being supplied under pressure will now discharge from the tip 46. lVhen the automobile is running down hill there is a tendency to flood the cylinders with the gasolene and hence the engine is choked. The forward end of the carburetor is now lowered and the upper end elevated. It is thus seen that the level of the liquid fuel in the tip 46 will be raised and hence an over amount of the liquid fuel discharged. The weight 98 holds'the bellcrank lever or pendant structure against movement, which in turn will seat the needle valve 83, thus cutting off the supply of the liquid fuel.

Attention is called to myco-pending application Serial No. 740,516, forcarbureters,

filed January 6,. 1913, wherein is shown is to be taken as a preferred example of the same and that certain changes in the shape, size, and arrangement of parts may be resorted to without departing fronf the spirit of the invention or the scope of the sub joined claims,

Having thus described my invention, I claim 1. In a carbureter of -the character described, a vaporizing and mixing shell, flues disposed therein, means for conducting heated gases exteriorly of the flues, means for introducing a liquid fuel near one end of the flues, and means for conducting heated gas circulating exteriorly about said flues into the same to become mixed with the vaporized liquid fueh 2. In a carbureter of the character described, a vaporizing and mixing shell, spaced heads disposed therein, flues connected with the heads, means for conducting heated gases into the vaporizing and mixing shell exteriorly of the flues, a liquid fuel supply device dis osed near one head, a movable element or atomizing the liquid fuel, and means for conducting a portion of the heated gases circulating exteriorly of the lines into the end of the same adjacent the movable element.

3. In a carbureter of the character described, a vaporizing and mixing. shell having means of communication with the cylinder or cylinders of an internal combustion engine, spaced heads disposed therein, flues connecting the spaced heads, means for conducting heated gases exteriorly about the dues, a liquid fuel supply device disposed near one head, a rotatable fan disposed near and above the liquid fuel supply device, and means whereby a portion of the heated gases circulating exteriorly of the flues is conducted into the fines ad acent the rotatable fan.

4:. In a carbureter of the character'described, an outer shell, an inner vaporizing and mixing shell having communication with the cylinder or cylinders of an internal combustion engine, the vaporizing and mixing shell having perforations to establish communication between the interior of the same and the interior of the outer shell, flues disposed within the vaporizing and mixing shell, a liquid fuel supply conduit disposed near one end of the flues, a rotatable fan disposed near the'discharge end of this conduit and the end of the flues, a sec ond rotatable fan disposed near the opposite ends of the flues, andmeans for conducting heated gases 'intothewaporizing and mixing shell to pass exteriorly about the fiues.

5. In a carburetor of the character described, an outer shell, an inner vaporizing and mixing shell havin communication with the cylinder or cylin ers of an internal combustion engine, spaced heads disposed within the vaporizing and mixing shell, I

flues connecting these spaced heads, said vaporizing and mixing shell being provided between the heads with perforations, means for conducting heated gases into the vaporizing and mixing shell between the heads, the vaporizing and mixing shell being provided below the lower head with perforations, a liquid fuel supply conduit disposed within this lower perforated portion of the vaporizing and mixing shell, a rotatable fan disposed near the liquid fuel supply conduit, and an oppositely rotating fan disposed near the upper head.

6. In a carbureter of the character described, a main shell, means connected therewith for supplying air into the same, a flame tube extending into the main shell, means to provide a-continuous flame within the flame tube during the operation of the carbureter, means for supplying air into the flame tube, an outer shell having communication with the main shell, an inner vaporizing and mixing shell having communication with the flame tube, means for supplying liquid fuel into the vaporizing and mixing shell, and means disposed within the vaporizin and mixing shell for atomizing the liquid fhel.

7. In a carbureter of the character de-, scribed, a horizontal main casing, an upstanding dome connected therewith, means for controlling the passage of air into the dome, a flame tube extending longitudinally within the horizontal main casing, an air supply pipe discharging into the flame tube and having no communication with the horizontal main casing, a valve for controlling the passage of air into the air supply pipe, a burner discharging its flame into the flame tube and permanently connected therewith, an outer shell having communication with the horizontal main casing, an inner vaporizing and mixing shell disposed within the outer shell and having communication with the flame tube, and liquid fuel atomizing means disposed within the vaporizing and mixing shell.

8. In a carbureter of the character described, a flame tube, a burner to provide a flame extending into the flame tube, a conduit for conducting air into the flame tube, avalve for controlling the passage of air through the conduit, and common means to operate the valve and burner. I

-9. In a carbureter of the character described, a vaporizing andmixing shell, means disposed therein for receiving the liquld fuel to be vaporized, a flame tube having communication withthe vaporizing and mixing shell, an air supply conduit "having communication with the flame tube, and means for supplying heated gases present within the vaporizing and mixing shell into said means disposed within the vaporizing and mixin shell.

10. i a carbureter of the character described, an outer shell, an upstanding perforated ring formed upon the lower head of the outer shell, a depending discharge conduit formed upon the upper head of the outer shell, a vaporizing and mixing shell disposed Within the outer shell and connected with the perforated ring and discharge con-.

duit, spaced heads disposed within the vaporizing and mixing shell, flues connected with the heads, rotatable fans disposed outwardly of the second named heads, a liquid scribed, an outer main shell, a flame tube extending therein, a burner to provide a flame to enter the flame tube, a conduit for supplying water into the main outer shell to the exterior surface of the flame tube near the burner, and a. carbureting and mixing casing connected with the flame tube to receive hot gases passing therefrom.

13. In a carbureter of the character described, an outer main shell, a flame tube extending therein, a burner to provide a flame to enter the flame tube, a conduit for supplying water into the main outer shell to the exterior surface of the flame tube near the burner, means for conducting air into the main outer shell, and a carbureting and mixing shell connected with the flame tube to receive heated gases passing therefrom.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

THOMAS S. HAMILTON.

Witnesses:

JAMES L. CRAWFORD, C. L. PARKER. 

